{"id":1848,"date":"2023-12-25T11:58:48","date_gmt":"2023-12-25T04:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/?p=1848"},"modified":"2023-12-25T11:58:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-25T04:58:48","slug":"phu-gia-tang-tron-trong-san-xuat-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/en\/phu-gia-tang-tron-trong-san-xuat-nhua\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a> v\u00e0 <\/span>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a>, pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng Chemicals<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 gia ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a: Ph\u1ee5 gia nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 gia? T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i s\u00e2u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5 gia b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a?<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh ma s\u00e1t. Ma s\u00e1t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: ma s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa polymer va\u0300 polymer (t\u01b0\u0301c gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0309 v\u01a1\u0301i nhau), ma s\u00e1t ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ma sa\u0301t gi\u01b0\u0303a polymer va\u0300 tha\u0300nh thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323: ma sa\u0301t gi\u01b0\u0303a polymer v\u01a1\u0301i b\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t tru\u0323c vi\u0301t, b\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t khu\u00f4n ta\u0323o hi\u0300nh, b\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng d\u00e2\u0303n h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ma s\u00e1t n\u00eau tr\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng: la\u0300m suy gia\u0309m ti\u0301nh ch\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a nh\u01b0\u0323a, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i quan c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi pha\u0301t sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t, g\u00e2y ra m\u00e2\u0301t ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ma s\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng m\u00e1y, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, ti\u00eau hao nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u01a1n cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khi\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng l\u01a1\u0301n, t\u0103ng chi phi\u0301 gia c\u00f4ng\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a ta c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n, vai tro\u0300 cu\u0309a ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y la\u0300 nh\u0103\u0300m gia\u0309m ca\u0301c ma sa\u0301t n\u00f4\u0323i va\u0300 ma sa\u0301t ngoa\u0323i no\u0301i tr\u00ean, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u0103\u0300m giu\u0301p gia\u0309m thi\u00ea\u0309u ca\u0301c ta\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng co\u0301 ha\u0323i pha\u0301t sinh trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n:<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n \u0111o\u0301ng vai tro\u0300 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4\u0323t l\u01a1\u0301p \u0111\u00ea\u0323m linh \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0309 polymer v\u1edbi nhau va\u0300 gi\u01b0\u0303a polymer v\u01a1\u0301i tha\u0300nh thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00ea\u0309 gia\u0309m ma sa\u0301t n\u00f4\u0323i, chu\u0301ng pha\u0309i co\u0301 a\u0301i l\u01b0\u0323c v\u01a1\u0301i ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0309 polymer \u0111u\u0309 l\u01a1\u0301n, \u0111\u00ea\u0309 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 x\u00e2m nh\u00e2\u0323p va\u0300o ca\u0301c c\u00e2\u0301u tru\u0301c h\u1ea1t va\u0300 gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng c\u00e2\u0301u tru\u0301c n\u00e0y. Chu\u0301ng ta\u0323o tha\u0300nh m\u00f4\u0323t l\u1edbp \u0111\u00ea\u0323m gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0309 polymer hay gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c c\u00e2\u0301u tru\u0301c h\u1ea1t, giu\u0301p gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polymer.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00ea\u0309 gia\u0309m ma sa\u0301t ngoa\u0323i, chu\u0301ng pha\u0309i co\u0301 ti\u0301nh di ha\u0300nh nhanh ra b\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t cu\u0309a polymer va\u0300 do\u0300ng cha\u0309y cu\u0309a polymer. \u0110\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i chu\u0301ng co\u0301 a\u0301i l\u01b0\u0323c li\u00ean h\u00ea\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i b\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t kim loa\u0323i, va\u0300 s\u01a1\u0301m bao phu\u0309 b\u00ea\u0300 m\u0103\u0323t kim loa\u0323i tha\u0300nh m\u00f4\u0323t l\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u00ea\u0323m gi\u1ea3m ma sa\u0301t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ea5p, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di h\u00e0nh ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ngay sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in \u1ea5n tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n:<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 02 lo\u1ea1i: ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n n\u1ed9i:\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n n\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7u, gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polymer tr\u01b0\u1ee3t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ho\u00e0 tan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 d\u1ebbo cho polymer. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch hay c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ch cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ng\u0103n nh\u1ef1a n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eef m\u1ea1ch hay c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ch cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong nh\u1ef1a.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i:<\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 len v\u00e0o khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7u hay gi\u1eefa polymer v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ebbo h\u00f3a polymer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong n\u00f2ng xylanh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u01a1m nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1ef1a b\u1ecb d\u00ednh v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi:<\/span><\/p>\n

4.1. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng. Khi gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft tr\u1ea7y, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i quan. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ra n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. H\u1ea1t ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01a1n, b\u00f3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a<\/span> c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 gia gi\u00fap t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gia c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng PE\/PP, bao b\u00ec, ng\u00e0nh nhu\u1ed9m\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cao. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00ec ma s\u00e1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1edbp bao ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u01a1n, b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Recycled plastic polymers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><\/p>\n

5.1. Ca\u0301c Acid Amides<\/span><\/p>\n