{"id":1897,"date":"2024-05-30T14:45:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T07:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/?p=1897"},"modified":"2024-05-30T14:45:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T07:45:38","slug":"phu-gia-tang-xop-va-nhung-dieu-can-viet-trong-cong-nghiep-san-xuat-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/phu-gia-tang-xop-va-nhung-dieu-can-viet-trong-cong-nghiep-san-xuat-nhua\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft trong C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals<\/a>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a: Ph\u1ee5 gia \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t <\/span>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a>, Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n <\/span>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a>, Ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 <\/span>Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals<\/a> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, thi c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u th\u1ebf nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 x\u1ed1p b\u00ean trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e2m, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng co r\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ecdt, x\u1ed1p trong n\u1ec1n polyme. Khi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed CO, CO2, NH3. C\u00e1c khi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong polyme d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 b\u1ecdt x\u1ed1p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a. Kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed trong nh\u1ef1a, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u1ed1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m azodicarbonamide (AC), natri bicarbonate (NC) v\u00e0 axit xitric.<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang bay h\u01a1i khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed trong nh\u1ef1a, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u1ed1p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u1ed1p m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon v\u00e0 hydrofluorocarbon.<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng dung d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a. H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed trong nh\u1ef1a, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u1ed1p. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecdt m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 natri bicarbonate v\u00e0 axit xitric.<\/span><\/p>\n 4.1. Gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a, gi\u00fap nh\u1ef1a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e2m trong nh\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng co r\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1a, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ef1a.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng x\u1ed1p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a, <\/span>pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals<\/a> hy v\u1ecdng <\/span>b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
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3.1. Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n
3.2. Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n
3.3. Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ed1p n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n
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4.2. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch \u00e2m<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n
4.3. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u0129, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n