{"id":1405,"date":"2022-03-09T14:40:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T07:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/?p=1405"},"modified":"2022-03-09T14:40:44","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T07:40:44","slug":"hoa-chat-va-nhung-anh-huong-cua-hoa-chat-toi-doi-song-con-nguoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/zh-hans\/hoa-chat-va-nhung-anh-huong-cua-hoa-chat-toi-doi-song-con-nguoi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/b> hay <\/span>ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc,<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ra th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ebb g\u00e3y c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed, l\u1ecfng, r\u1eafn v\u00e0 plasma.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/i>:<\/strong>\u00a0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 <\/strong><\/span>H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/i><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/i> L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m ra t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 axit sunfuric. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, tuy nhi\u00ean khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

II. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u: X\u0103ng d\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u1eedi n\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang k\u1ebdo k\u1eb9t \u0111\u1ea1p xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh ho\u1ea1t: t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda b\u00e1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc lau nh\u00e0, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t \u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1eed ngh\u0129 xem n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p: T\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc h\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m, \u00e9p t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1n m\u00f3ng tay, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, ch\u00fang m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ee9 4, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1eed n\u00eau k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

a. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n\u2026 gi\u00fap c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, hoa m\u00e0u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

b. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. D\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u2013 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e1u, t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 r\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

c. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n