{"id":1634,"date":"2023-08-30T16:45:49","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T09:45:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/?p=1634"},"modified":"2023-08-30T16:45:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T09:45:49","slug":"hoa-chat-cong-nghiep-phan-loai-va-ung-dung-hoa-chat-trong-cuoc-song","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/zh-hans\/hoa-chat-cong-nghiep-phan-loai-va-ung-dung-hoa-chat-trong-cuoc-song\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u1eady b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p? H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ra sao, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals<\/a> t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n Theo \u0111i\u0323nh nghi\u0303a cu\u0309a nga\u0300nh khoa ho\u0323c hoa\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t: Hoa\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i \u01a1\u0309 nhi\u00ea\u0300u da\u0323ng kha\u0301c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0309 r\u0103\u0301n, lo\u0309ng, khi\u0301 va\u0300 t\u00f4\u0309ng h\u01a1\u0323p\u2026 M\u0103\u0323t kha\u0301c, hoa\u0301 ch\u00e2\u0301t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u1eady h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/p>\n V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh khi\u1ebft trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm hay \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, an to\u00e0n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m, th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n 2.1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n Theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i: ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u00fd h\u00f3a n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u00f3m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, m\u1ef1c, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u,\u2026 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t may, gi\u1ea5y, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec7 sinh,\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n 2.2.\u00a0 Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n Theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i: ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc, v\u00e0ng, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tinh khi\u1ebft, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (natri clorua), mu\u1ed1i n\u1edf (natri bicacbonat), kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, m\u1eadt ong.<\/span><\/p>\n Ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, nh\u1ef1a, cao su, m\u1ef1c in, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 2.3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/b><\/p>\n D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. <\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, nh\u1ef1a, cao su, gi\u1ea5y, m\u1ef1c in, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n
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C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, nh\u1ef1a, cao su, m\u1ef1c in, gi\u1ea5y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u2026;<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m;<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i;<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e1 sinh;<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p;<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t;<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n
H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p y.<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n