{"id":1895,"date":"2024-05-30T14:18:01","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T07:18:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/?p=1895"},"modified":"2024-05-30T14:19:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T07:19:28","slug":"nhung-kien-thuc-ve-phu-gia-hoa-deo-trong-cong-nghiep-san-xuat-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/zh-hans\/nhung-kien-thuc-ve-phu-gia-hoa-deo-trong-cong-nghiep-san-xuat-nhua\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a: Ph\u1ee5 gia \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t <\/span>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a>, Ph\u1ee5 gia t\u0103ng tr\u01a1n <\/span>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span><\/a>, Ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 <\/span>Ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/span>. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00eau tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a.<\/span><\/p>\n Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals<\/a> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo – m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 polyetylen, polypropylen, polystyren v\u00e0 PVC. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, l\u00e0m cho nh\u1ef1a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam ph\u1ee5 gia <\/span>h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo (plasticizer) <\/span>trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 <\/span>t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 t\u00edch polymer m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng hay r\u1eafn c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ea5p nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho polymer m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7, gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y tinh h\u00f3a Tg v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y Tm c\u1ee7a polymer, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng t\u0103ng t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n, dai c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n 3.1. Phthalate<\/b>: Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a, vv. Tuy nhi\u00ean, phthalate c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n 3.2. Non-phthalate<\/b>: Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u00fai x\u00e1ch, gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p, vv.<\/span><\/p>\n 3.3. Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESBO)<\/b>: Ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu n\u1eafng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, v.v…<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 cao su, ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, phthalate v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh th\u00e1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 gia h\u00f3a d\u1ebbo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a, <\/span>pg nổ hũ đổi thưởng
Chemicals<\/a> hy v\u1ecdng <\/span>b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
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