{"id":952,"date":"2021-12-06T11:46:25","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T04:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/?p=952"},"modified":"2021-12-14T10:31:13","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T03:31:13","slug":"bat-mi-nhung-kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-titanuim-dioxit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmmach.com\/zh-hans\/bat-mi-nhung-kien-thuc-co-ban-ve-titanuim-dioxit\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eacT M\u00cd NH\u1eeeNG KI\u1ebeN TH\u1ee8C C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N V\u1ec0 TITANIUM DIOXIT"},"content":{"rendered":"
Titanium Dioxide l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n Titan l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phong ph\u00fa th\u1ee9 9 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 TiO2 l\u00e0 oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1t kho\u00e1ng. TiO2 tinh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 cao, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1, TiO2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 cho s\u01a1n, m\u1ef1c in, nh\u1ef1a, d\u1ec7t, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, v.v.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i TiO2 kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/strong><\/p>\n TiO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng (h\u01a1n 98% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafng s\u00e1ng. TiO2 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau nh\u1ecf (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano) khi c\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia UV t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. Ngo\u00e0i ra TiO2 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf (nano) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nit\u01a1 oxit (NOx) g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kho\u1ea3ng 1-2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng TiO2 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i sao TiO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m?<\/strong><\/p>\n L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, TiO2 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. \u1ede d\u1ea1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn nano, TiO2 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia UV, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0n da c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u TiO2 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu m\u00e1t gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u00e1p nh\u1edd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. TiO2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano (si\u00eau m\u1ecbn) khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong su\u1ed1t v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia UV r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n TiO2 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n Titanium dioxide an to\u00e0n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u TiO2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1923, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n TiO2 c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n Titanium dioxide \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t TiO2, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5i. C\u01a1 quan Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ung th\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IARC) n\u0103m 2006 cho r\u1eb1ng titanium dioxide \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (Nh\u00f3m 2B) tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u201cqu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5i\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng, chu\u1ed9t nh\u1eaft hay th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 n\u00ean lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi TiO2 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lo l\u1eafng. B\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 20.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t titanium dioxide, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi TiO2.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i sao TiO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m?<\/strong><\/p>\n Titanium dioxide \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng. TiO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o, b\u00e1nh m\u00ec ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m phi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf cho TiO2 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n Titanium dioxide t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tia UV v\u00e0 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 titanium dioxide. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho TiO2 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i khai th\u00e1c, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng titan \u0111ang ngay c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm, c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec sao?<\/strong><\/p>\n Theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n titan ASEAN th\u00e1ng 5\/2013, T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u2013 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t (B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u2013 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng) cho bi\u1ebft, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o qu\u1eb7ng titan \u2013 zircon \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 664 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n qu\u1eb7ng tinh, g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (1.400 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n